New lucanus from china

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https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.4
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org ... C6EE9072C4
240 Accepted by A. Bezděk: 17 Mar. 2023; published: 5 Apr. 2023
Article ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
Zootaxa 5263 (2): 240–260
https://www.mapress.com/zt/
Copyright © 2023 Magnolia Press
Revision of the Lucanus boileaui group and notes on L. takeoi Adachi, 2020 from
the L. maculifemoratus group (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)
ZHI-HAO QI (齐志浩)
1,2,4,# , HAO HE (何豪)
3,5,#, RONG-XIANG SU (苏荣翔)
2,6, HONG-MU AI (艾洪木)
1,7,* &
HAI-TIAN SONG (宋海天)
2,8,* 1 College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
2
Fujian Academy of Forestry, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350012, China.
3
College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
4 �qizhihao2021@126.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8596-0913 5 �18835130675@163.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-9671 6 �surongxiang2022@126.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6575-5776 7 �aihongmu@163.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7754-8256 8 �haitiansong@126.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1042-7959 # these authors contributed equally to this work
* corresponding authors
Abstract
A new stag beetle is described from Yunnan Province, China: Lucanus jiaozishanus Qi, He, Su & Song, new species. It is
the third species of the L. boileaui group which are distributed only in Southwestern China and Northeastern Myanmar.
The differences of the new species with the more related taxa (L. boileaui Planet, 1897, L. ludivinae Boucher, 1998 and L.
takeoi Adachi, 2020) are discussed. A new synonymy, L. bidentis Schenk, 2013 = L. boileaui, is proposed. Keys to males
and females of the L. boileaui group are provided. The variation of males, the female and the host plant of L. takeoi (L.
maculifemoratus group) are illustrated for the first time.
Keywords: stag beetle, taxonomy, new species, synonymy, host plant, key, Southwestern China
Introduction
Lucanus Scopoli, 1763 is the type genus of the family Lucanidae Latreille, 1804, most species are distributed in
the Palaearctic region, some in the Oriental region and a few in the Nearctic one. China is one of the countries with
the greatest species diversity of Lucanus, and in recent years new species have been found continuously, so that
currently a total of 66 species are known (Huang & Chen, 2010; 2013; 2017; 2019; 2020; Huang, He & Shi, 2011;
Wang & Zhu, 2017; Wang & Zhan, 2018; Wang & Ko, 2018; Adachi, 2020; Lin, 2021; Qi, 2021; Bian & Zhan,
2021; Zhan, Zhu & Li, 2022; Zhou et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023).
Lucanus boileaui group and L. maculifemoratus group are closely related species-groups. In earlier studies,
Lucanus boileaui group was considered the same as L. maculifemoratus group (Planet 1900; Didier 1925), but this
classification was based on the external morphological characters only. Huang & Chen (2010) regarded L. boileaui
group and L. maculifemoratus group as two independent species-groups based on both morphological data (external
and genital features), and they are sister species-groups in the phylogenetic analysis based on morphological
characters. According to the new definition, there are only three species (L. bidentis Schenk, 2013, L. boileaui
Planet, 1897 and L. ludivinae Boucher, 1998) in the L. boileaui group. The L. maculifemoratus group includes
seven species (subspecies not included): L. dybowski Parry, 1873, L. fanjingshanus Huan & Chen, 2010, L. kanoi
Kurosawa, 1966, L. kurosawai Sakaino, 1995, L. maculifemoratus Motschulsky, 1861, L. ogakii Imanishi, 1990 and
L. takeoi Adachi, 2020.
In this paper, we describe and illustrate a new species, L. jiaozishanus Qi, He, Su & Song, new species from
Yunnan, China. And we examined a particular specimen (Fig. 12) of L. boileaui which is indistinguishable from
the description of L. bidentis. A new synonymy, L. bidentis = L. boileaui, is proposed. Lucanus jiaozishanus new
CONTRIBUTION TO LUCANUS Zootaxa 5263 (2) © 2023 Magnolia Press · 241
species becomes the third species of the L. boileaui group. Keys to males and females of the L. boileaui group are
provided. In addition, due to the similar external characters, four non-large sized species (body length less than
60 mm) of the L. maculifemoratus group are also compared with the new species. For L. takeoi Adachi, 2020, the
variation of males, the female and the host plant are reported for the first time, while new distribution information
and pictures of the genitalia of both sexes are provided.
Material and methods
Habitus photographs were taken using a Canon® 5D mark IV digital camera with Canon® EF 100 mm USM
macro lens. A Canon® MT-26EX twin flash was used as the light source. Photographs of detail features were
photographed using a Keyence® VHX-5000 digital microscope with a Keyence® VH-Z20R zoom lens (20–200×).
The photographs in Fig. 11 were taken using an iPhone® XR smartphone, while those in Fig. 14 by a vivo®
X70 smartphone. The images were processed and combined into figures using Adobe Photoshop® CC 2019. All
photographs were taken by the authors except those with different captions. The morphological terminology follows
Huang & Chen (2010, 2013, 2017).
Abbreviations for collections in this study are:
CHH—personal collection of Hao He, Qujing, China;
CRXS—personal collection of Rong-Xiang Su, Sanming, China;
CZHQ—personal collection of Zhi-Hao Qi, Wuyishan, China;
FAF—Fujian Academy of Forestry, Fuzhou, China;
JNNR—Jiaozishan National Nature Reserve, Kunming, China.
Measurement criteria are:
Body length: length between the apex of mandible to the elytral apex along the midline
Elytral length: length between the basal border and the apex of elytra along suture
Elytral width: widest part of the elytra
Head length: length between the tip of clypeus and the posterior margin of occiput along the midline
Head width: widest part of head
Mandible length: length from the apex of mandible to its base at anterior margin of the head
Pronotal length: length of the pronotum along the midline
Pronotal width: widest part of pronotum
Taxonomy
Genus Lucanus Scopoli, 1763
Lucanus jiaozishanus Qi, He, Su & Song, new species
(Chinese common name: 轿子山深山锹甲)
Figs. 1A–B; 2A–F; 3A–D; 4A, E–H; 5A–B; 6A–F; 7A–E; 8A–D; 9A–X; 10A–X; 11B
Type locality. China, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, Jiaozishan National Nature Reserve.
Type material. Holotype: ♂ (FAF), CHINA, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, Dongchuan District, Hongtudi
Town [红土地镇], Jiaozishan National Nature Reserve [轿子山国家级自然保护区], 26°2'34.8''N, 102°55'47.9''E,
alt. 2800–3000 m, 19.V.2022, Hao He leg. Paratypes: 2♂♂ (1♂ CZHQ, 1♂ CHH), same data as holotype; 5♂♂
(2♂♂ JNNR, 1♂ CZHQ, 1♂ CRXS, 1♂ CHH), 1♀ (FAF), same data but 9.VI.2022.
Description of the holotype. ♂ (Fig. 1A–B), body length 33.3 mm. Length of particular body parts: head (4.7
mm), mandible (7.4 mm), pronotum (5.7 mm), elytra (16.5 mm); width: head (8.4 mm), pronotum (9.4 mm), elytra
(11.8 mm).
Habitus (Fig. 1A–B). Color mostly blackish, including mandibles, head, pronotum, scutellum, legs and ventral
side; elytra dark brown. Whole body with a certain luster, densely tiny punctuated; dorsal surface of the body nearly
smooth, without visible pubescence; ventral surface of thorax with yellow pubescence, pubescence on metasternum
qi et al. 242 · Zootaxa 5263 (2) © 2023 Magnolia Press
markedly longer than on other areas.
Head (Fig. 2A) transverse. Anterior ridge obsolete at lateral sides and not markedly raised at middle. Lateral
ridges narrowed inwards in the front half and slightly protruded in posterior half, forming small rounded angles at
lateral posterior corners. Canthus (Fig. 2C) thin, dividing about 1/3 of the eye. Clypeolabrum (Fig. 2B) subhexagonal,
about 1.5 times as wide as long, fused with frons, indistinct defined by a transverse suture; anterior margin straight,
lateral margins with a distinct protrusion forming a small obtuse angle. Mandible (Fig. 2A) about 1.6 times longer
than head, evenly incurved, apical fork with upper tooth slightly longer and finer than lower one; major inner tooth
slender, with rounded tip, placed at near half the mandible; major inner tooth preceded by 2–3 smaller teeth and not
followed by any teeth. Antennal club with 4 antennomeres; antennomere 7 slender and sharply pointed apically;
antennomeres 8–10 lamellate.
Pronotum transverse, 1.7 times wider than long, widest behind the middle. Anterior margin slightly protruding
to the front at midline; anterior angle sharp and directed forwards. Lateral margins protrudent outwards widely.
Posterior margin almost straight.
Scutellum near triangular, punctuated, 1.6 times wider than long.

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With the increasing number of Chinese collectors and beetle collectors, as well as the unremitting efforts of scientists. A new species has been discovered. It is expected that new lucanus will be discovered this year. We are constantly increasing our collection goals.