I should clarify that I am not directly involved in the DNA analysis or building the trees and other analyses of the sequences. As well as providing samples I verify the identity of specimens and work on morphological taxonomy and nomenclature. Geneticists are not always so familiar with the actual taxa and how to distinguish them from similar species.

Adam.

eurytides wrote: ↑Sat Apr 01, 2023 3:33 am Dr. Sperling is a giant in the field.

Yes, I have been assisting Felix for very many years. He was a pioneer in Papilio genetics, and many of the samples used in a large number of analyses which were combined in this paper came from me. As well as Felix's own machaon group studies we were both heavily involved in the Heraclides, Achillides and Menelaides studies among others.

Adam.

Chuck wrote: ↑Fri Mar 31, 2023 12:24 pm I believe what Adam is inferring, or stating, is that a broad, yet detailed, genomic study of many Papilio has been completed and (1) the paper is being released soon and (2) nigerrimus was found to be synonymous with orsippus.

The delays were basically because the publishers originally posted a pre-proof version (for sale) on their website, and I did not want to publicise something that was not the final version. After the final version was published I finished preparing a summary for you all, which you can find at the link in my previous post above.

The synonymy of nigerrimus is not a direct result of this paper. Note that it is perfectly acceptable to treat it as a separate subspecies to orsippus if you prefer, since it is a separate population.

For the purposes of this thread I am pasting the new listing of Papilio ulysses and closely related species here:

Papilio ulysses Linnaeus, 1758
ssp. ampelius Rothschild, 1908 (Type locality: Buru)
ssp. ambelauensis (Schäffler & Schmidbauer 2004) (Type locality: Ambelau Is.)
ssp. reikoae Kariya, 1988 (Type locality: Manipa Is.)
ssp. penelope (Dufek, Schäffler & Schmidbauer, 2005) (Type locality: Kelang Isl.)
ssp. ulysses Linnaeus, 1758 (Type locality: Asia [= Ambon])
ssp. scylla (Dufek, Schäffler & Schmidbauer, 2005) (Type locality: Saparua Isl.)
ssp. waterstradti Goode, 2012 (Type locality: Moluques, Ile Gebi [= Gebe Island])
ssp. dirce Jordan, 1909 (Type locality: Misol)
ssp. physkon Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Type locality: Waigiu)
ssp. calypso (Schäffler & Schmidbauer 2004) (Type locality: Salawati)
ssp. denticulatus Joicey & Talbot, 1916 (Type locality: Biak, Schouten Is.)
ssp. autolycus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 (Type locality: Nova Guinea: Dorey)
ssp. oxyartes Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Type locality: Aru Island)
ssp. melanotica Hagen, 1897 (Type locality: Dampier)
ssp. telemachus Montrouzier, 1856 (Type locality: Woodlark)
ssp. joesa Butler, 1869 (Type locality: Queensland)

Papilio orsippus Godman & Salvin, 1888
ssp. gabrielis Rothschild, 1898 (Type locality: St. Gabriel, Admiralty Islands)
ssp. kallinikos Fruhstorfer, 1903 (Type locality: Neu-Mecklenburg = Neu-Irland)
ssp. ambiguus Rothschild, 1895 (Type locality: New Britain)
ssp. orsippus Godman & Salvin, 1888 (Type locality: Solomon Islands, Aola in Guadalcanar Island)
ssp. rothschildianus Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Type locality: Solomon Islands: Guizo) [Replacement Name for georgius Rothschild, 1908]

Papilio telegonus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860
ssp. dohertius Rothschild, 1898 (Type locality: Obi)
ssp. telegonus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860 (Type locality: Batschian)
ssp. morotaicus Rothschild, 1908 (Type locality: Mira, Morty I. (= Morotai))

Adam.

Chuck wrote: ↑Fri Mar 31, 2023 12:24 pm The wait is driving me nuts.

Sorry for all the delays. Please find details here:
viewtopic.php?t=930

Adam.

The Papilio paper was finally published on 30 March, and can be downloaded from
https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1gqTf3m3nNAEK5
before 18th May 2023, when it will be placed behind a paywall.

I have been busy preparing a summary for you all, and have pasted the text here:
(A fully formatted version can be sent on request)

Summary of changes to taxonomy of genus Papilio
This is a summary of the taxonomic changes made in Condamine et al. (2023), which was published online on 30 March in the journal Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.

Full citation:
Condamine, F.L., Allio, R., Reboud, E.L., Dupuis, J.R., Toussaint, E.F.A., Mazet, N., Hu, S-J., Lewis, D.S., Kunte, K., Cotton, A.M. & Sperling, F.A.H. 2023. A comprehensive phylogeny and revised taxonomy illuminate the origin and diversification of the global radiation of Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107758

Genus-group changes
Genus Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 is considered to consist of 14 subgenera, some of which have been treated as separate genera. Treatment of the monophyletic Papilio as a single genus is recommended in order to convey as much information as possible about relationships between species to non-expert end-users of the names through the use of subgeneric names. This allows systematists to refer clearly to their refined taxonomic concepts without putting the burden of increased confusion from name changes onto the users in other fields of these genus and species names.

The subgenera recognised here are:
Heraclides Hübner, [1819] (Type Species: Papilio thoas Linnaeus, 1771)
Chilasa Moore, [1881] (Type Species: Papilio dissimilis Linnaeus, 1758)
Pterourus Scopoli, 1777 (Type Species: Papilio troilus Linnaeus, 1758)
Alexanoria Koçak & Kemal, 2002 (Type Species: Papilio alexanor Esper, [1800])
Euchenor Igarashi, 1979 (Type Species: Papilio euchenor Guérin-Méneville, [1830])
Druryia Aurivillius, 1881 (Type Species: Papilio antimachus Drury, [1782])
Eleppone Hancock, 1979 (Type Species: Papilio anactus Macleay, 1826)
Araminta Moore, 1886 (Type Species: Papilio demolion Cramer, 1776)
Sinoprinceps Hancock, 1983 (Type Species: Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767)
Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 (Type Species: Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758)
Nireopapilio Cotton & Nakae, 2020 (Type species: Papilio nireus Linnaeus, 1758)
Achillides Hübner, [1819] (Type Species: Papilio paris Linnaeus, 1758)
Princeps Hübner, [1807] (Type Species: Papilio demodocus Esper, 1799)
Menelaides Hübner, [1819] (Type Species: Papilio polytes Linnaeus, 1758)

The two species sometimes placed in subgenus Agehana Matsumura, 1936 (Type Species: Papilio maraho Shiraki & Sonan, 1934) are confirmed as belonging to subgenus Pterourus as per Wu et al. (2015).
The recently discovered species, Papilio natewa Tennent, Chandra & Müller, 2018 from Fiji is confirmed as sister to Papilio anactus MacLeay, 1826 and placed in subgenus Eleppone.
The Papilio demolion group of species is found not to be closely related to the species of subgenus Menelaides and is placed in its own subgenus, Araminta.
Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson, [1864] is shown to belong to subgenus Nireopapilio rather than subgenus Druryia, where it was previously placed.
Subgenus Princeps is confirmed as comprising only the Papilio demoleus group of species.
Species-group changes
(Not all species in genus Papilio are listed here, subspecies are only listed for species with changes.)

Subgenus Pterourus Scopoli, 1777
Papilio victorinus Doubleday, 1844
(separate species to Papilio menatius (Hübner, [1819]))
ssp. morelius Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 (Type locality: Guerrero)
ssp. victorinus Doubleday, 1844 (Type locality: the west coast of America)
ssp. vulneratus Butler, 1872 (Type locality: Costa Rica)

Subgenus Euchenor Igarashi, 1979
Papilio euchenor Guérin-Méneville, 1830
Papilio depilis Rothschild, 1895
(separate species to Papilio euchenor Guérin-Méneville, [1830])
ssp. depilis Rothschild, 1895 (Type locality: New Britain)
ssp. neohannoveranus Rothschild, 1898 (Type locality: New Hanover, Bismarck Archipelago)
ssp. novohibernicus Rothschild, 1898 (Type locality: Neu Mecklenburg (= New Ireland))

Subgenus Druryia Aurivillius, 1881
Papilio humbloti Oberthür, 1888
(separate species to Papilio dardanus Yeats, 1776)
Papilio meriones C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864
(separate species to Papilio dardanus Yeats, 1776)

Subgenus Sinoprinceps Hancock, 1983
Papilio benguetana Joicey & Talbot, 1923 (Type locality: Benguet District, N. Luzon)
(separate species to Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767)

Subgenus Papilio Linnaeus, 1758
Papilio kahli F. & R. Chermock, 1937 (Type locality: Riding Mts., Manitoba)
(separate species to Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio bairdii Edwards, 1866
(separate species to Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758)
ssp. dodi McDunnough, 1939 (Type locality: Dorothy, Alberta)
ssp. oregonia Edwards, 1876 (Type locality: Columbia River)
ssp. bairdii Edwards, 1866 (Type locality: Fort Whipple, near Prescott, Arizona)

Subgenus Nireopapilio Cotton & Nakae, 2020
Papilio zalmoxis Hewitson, [1864]
(Moved from subgenus Druryia Aurivillius, 1881 and placed between epiphorbas and oribazus groups)

Subgenus Achillides Hübner, [1819]
ulysses group
Papilio ulysses Linnaeus, 1758
(split into 3 species, ssp. retained in P. ulysses are listed for clarity)
ssp. ampelius Rothschild, 1908 (Type locality: Buru)
ssp. ambelauensis (Schäffler & Schmidbauer 2004) (Type locality: Ambelau Is.)
ssp. reikoae Kariya, 1988 (Type locality: Manipa Is.)
ssp. penelope (Dufek, Schäffler & Schmidbauer, 2005) (Type locality: Kelang Isl.)
ssp. ulysses Linnaeus, 1758 (Type locality: Asia [= Ambon])
ssp. scylla (Dufek, Schäffler & Schmidbauer, 2005) (Type locality: Saparua Isl.)
ssp. waterstradti Goode, 2012 (Type locality: Moluques, Ile Gebi [= Gebe Island])
ssp. dirce Jordan, 1909 (Type locality: Misol)
ssp. physkon Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Type locality: Waigiu)
ssp. calypso (Schäffler & Schmidbauer 2004) (Type locality: Salawati)
ssp. denticulatus Joicey & Talbot, 1916 (Type locality: Biak, Schouten Is.)
ssp. autolycus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 (Type locality: Nova Guinea: Dorey)
ssp. oxyartes Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Type locality: Aru Island)
ssp. melanotica Hagen, 1897 (Type locality: Dampier)
ssp. telemachus Montrouzier, 1856 (Type locality: Woodlark)
ssp. joesa Butler, 1869 (Type locality: Queensland)
Papilio orsippus Godman & Salvin, 1888
(separate species to Papilio ulysses Linnaeus, 1758)
ssp. gabrielis Rothschild, 1898 (Type locality: St. Gabriel, Admiralty Islands)
ssp. kallinikos Fruhstorfer, 1903 (Type locality: Neu-Mecklenburg = Neu-Irland)
ssp. ambiguus Rothschild, 1895 (Type locality: New Britain)
ssp. orsippus Godman & Salvin, 1888 (Type locality: Solomon Islands, Aola in Guadalcanar Island)
ssp. rothschildianus Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Type locality: Solomon Islands: Guizo) [Replacement Name for georgius Rothschild, 1908]
Papilio telegonus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860
(separate species to Papilio ulysses Linnaeus, 1758)
ssp. dohertius Rothschild, 1898 (Type locality: Obi)
ssp. telegonus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860 (Type locality: Batschian)
ssp. morotaicus Rothschild, 1908 (Type locality: Mira, Morty I. (= Morotai))
palinurus group
Papilio daedalus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861
(separate species to Papilio palinurus Fabricius, 1787)
ssp. daedalus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 (Type locality: Luzon (Manila))
ssp. angustatus Staudinger, 1888 (Type locality: Palawan)
bianor group
Papilio hermeli Nuyda, 1992 (Type locality: Mt Halcon, 1800 m, Northern Mindoro)
(separate species to Papilio chikae Igarashi, 1965)
Papilio polyctor Boisduval, 1836 (Type locality: Cachemire)
(separate species to Papilio bianor Cramer, 1777)
Papilio ryukyuensis Fujioka, 1975
(confirmed separate species to Papilio dehaanii C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864)
ssp. ryukyuensis Fujioka, 1975 (Type locality: Okinawa Islands, Japan)
ssp. amamiensis Fujioka, 1981 (Type locality: Amami Island, Japan)
Papilio dehaanii C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864
(confirmed separate species to Papilio bianor Cramer, 1777)
ssp. tokaraensis Fujioka, 1975 (Type locality: Nakanoshima, Tokara Islands, Japan)
ssp. hachijonis Matsumura, 1919 (Type locality: Hachijo Islands, Japan)
ssp. dehaanii C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864 (Type locality: Japonia)
maackii group
Papilio syfanius Oberthür, 1886
(confirmed separate species to Papilio maackii Ménétriés, 1858)

Subgenus Menelaides Hübner, [1819]
helenus group
Papilio hystaspes C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862 (Type locality: Luzon)
(confirmed separate species to Papilio helenus Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio daksha Moore, 1889
(separate species to Papilio helenus Linnaeus, 1758)
ssp. daksha Moore, 1889 (Type locality: Nilgiris)
ssp. mooreanus Rothschild, 1895 (Type locality: Ceylon)
(probably a separate species, but placed here due to lack of material to sequence)
Papilio helenus Linnaeus, 1758
(restricted to mainland Asia, Taiwan & Japan)
ssp. helenus Linnaeus, 1758 (Type locality: Asia [= Canton, China])
ssp. fortunius Fruhstorfer, 1908 (Type locality: Lake Candidius)
ssp. nicconicolens Butler, 1881 (Type locality: Nikko, Central Japan)
Papilio palawanicus Staudinger, 1888
(separate species to Papilio helenus Linnaeus, 1758)
ssp. palawanicus Staudinger, 1888 (Type locality: Palawan)
ssp. boloboca Page & Treadaway, 1996 (Type locality: Boloboc, Sanga Sanga I.)
ssp. enganius Doherty, 1891 (Type locality: Engano)
ssp. sinabangana Goode & Burk, 2013 (Type locality: Sinabang, Simeulue Island, Indonesia)
Papilio mangarinus Rothschild, 1908
(separate species to Papilio helenus Linnaeus, 1758)
ssp. mangarinus Rothschild, 1908 (Type locality: South Flores)
ssp. tambora Rothschild, 1908 (Type locality: Sumbawa)
ssp. jindanus Rothschild, 1908 (Type locality: Sumba)
Papilio biseriatus Rothschild, 1895 (Type locality: Dili)
(separate species to Papilio helenus Linnaeus, 1758)
(Papilio sataspes C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 is internal to this group and sister to Papilio palawanicus)
polytes group
Papilio protenor Cramer, 1775
(confirmed basal to the polytes group)
Papilio alphenor Cramer, 1776
(separate species to Papilio polytes Cramer, 1777; sister to P. ambrax Boisduval, 1832 & P. phestus Guérin-Méneville, 1830)
ssp. ledebouria Eschscholtz, 1821 (Type locality: Manilla)
ssp. steffi (Page & Treadaway, 2003) (Type locality: Cavan Cavan, Sibutu, 5m)
ssp. perversus Rothschild, 1895 (Type locality: Sangir Island; Talaut; Siao Island)
ssp. polycritos Fruhstorfer, 1902 (Type locality: Sula-Besi)
ssp. nicomachus Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Type locality: Buru)
ssp. alphenor Cramer, 1776 (Type locality: China [loc. err.])
ssp. nicanor C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864 (Type locality: Batjan, Halmaheira)
ssp. muratai Kishida, 1933 (Type locality: Koror Island)
Papilio ambrax Boisduval, 1832
(separate species to Papilio phestus Guérin-Méneville, 1830)
ssp. ambrax Boisduval, 1832 (Type locality: Nouvelle-Guinée)
ssp. artanus Rothschild, 1908 (Type locality: Suer, Mefor I., Geelvink Bay)
ssp. epirus Wallace, 1865 (Type locality: Aru Islands)
ssp. dunali Montrouzier, 1856 (Type locality: Woodlark)
ssp. egipius Miskin, 1876 (Type locality: Rockingham Bay, Queensland)
Papilio phestus Guérin-Méneville, 1830
(separate species to Papilio ambrax Boisduval, 1832)
ssp. reductus Rothschild, 1915 (Type locality: Manus, Admiralty Islands)
ssp. parkinsoni Honrath, 1886 (Type locality: Neu-Pommern)
ssp. phestus Guérin-Méneville, 1830 (Type locality: Nouvelle-Guinée [loc. err.])
ssp. minusculus Ribbe, 1898 (Type locality: Schortlands)
Papilio polytes Linnaeus, 1758
(restricted to mainland Asia, Taiwan & Japan, plus some islands)
ssp. thibetanus Oberthür, 1886 (Type locality: Chapa, Thibet)
ssp. polytes Linnaeus, 1758 (Type locality: Asia [= southern China])
ssp. pasikrates Fruhstorfer, 1908 (Type locality: Formosa, Takan)
ssp. polycles Fruhstorfer, 1903 (Type locality: Okinawa and Ishigaki)
ssp. romulus Cramer, 1775 (Type locality: Côtes de Coromandel & Ceylon)
ssp. rubidimacula Talbot, 1932 (Type locality: Tibet (? south-east), Yunnan: Teng-yueh-Ting)
ssp. latreilloides Yoshino, 2018 (Type locality: Weixi County, 2,500 m, North Yunnan, China)
ssp. stichioides Evans, 1932 (Type locality: Andamans)
ssp. nikobarus C. Felder, 1862 (Type locality: Nankauri, Nicobar Is.)
Papilio javanus C. Felder, 1862
(separate species to Papilio polytes Cramer, 1777)
ssp. theseus Cramer, 1777 (Type locality: la côte Occidentale de Sumatra)
ssp. melanides Haan, 1840 (Type locality: Banjermasin)
ssp. rubeus (Page & Treadaway, 2011) (Type locality: Indonesia, Karimata Island)
ssp. javanus C. Felder, 1862 (Type locality: Java)
ssp. vigellius Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Type locality: Bawean)
ssp. messius Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Type locality: Lombok)
ssp. sotira Jordan, 1909 (Type locality: Sumbawa)
ssp. timorensis C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864 (Type locality: Timor)
ssp. alcindor Oberthür, 1879 (Type locality: Celebes)
ssp. kurokawai Nakae, 2013 (Type locality: Batuatas Island)
ssp. tucanus Jordan, 1909 (Type locality: Binongka and Kalidupa, Toekan Bessi Islands)
memnon group
Papilio diophantus Grose-Smith, 1883 (Type locality: Sumatra)
(confirmed as basal to the memnon group)
Papilio janaka Moore, 1857 (Type locality: Darjeeling)
(separate species to Papilio bootes Westwood, 1842)
Papilio deiphobus Linnaeus, 1758
ssp. rumanzovia Eschscholtz, 1821 (Type locality: Manilla)
(ssp. status of rumanzovia within Papilio deiphobus confirmed)
Papilio agenor Linnaeus, 1758
(separate species to Papilio memnon Linnaeus, 1758)
ssp. parinda (Moore, 1881) (Type locality: Ceylon)
(ssp. of Papilio agenor Linnaeus, 1758)
ssp. polymnestor Cramer, 1775 (Type locality: Côte de Coromandel)
(ssp. of Papilio agenor Linnaeus, 1758)
ssp. thunbergii Siebold, 1824 (Type locality: Dezima, near Nangasaki)
ssp. iriomotensis Fujioka, 2012 (Type locality: Komi~Yubu, Iriomote Is., Okinawa-ken, SW Japan)
ssp. heronus Fruhstorfer, 1902 (Type locality: Formosa)
ssp. agenor Linnaeus, 1758 (Type locality: Asia [= Canton, China])
ssp. nicobarensis Hachitani, 1986 (Type locality: Great Nicobar Is., Nicobar Iss.)
Papilio memnon Linnaeus, 1758
(restricted to SE Asian islands)
ssp. mayo Atkinson, [1874] (Type locality: Andaman Islands)
(ssp. of Papilio memnon Linnaeus, 1758)
ssp. anceus Cramer, 1779 (Type locality: Côte Occidentale de Sumatra)
ssp. caeruleus van Eecke, 1914 (Type locality: Udjung Laukè, Mata-n-Amurèn und Sinabang, Simalur)
ssp. babimemnon Hachitani, 1993 (Type locality: Babi Is.)
ssp. oceani Doherty, 1891 (Type locality: Engano)
ssp. christianae Manguin, 1996 (Type locality: Belitung)
ssp. singkepensis Manguin, 1997 (Type locality: Singkep)
ssp. suisei Hachitani, 1985 (Type locality: Jemaja Is., Anambas)
ssp. bunguranomemnon Hachitani, 1989 (Type locality: Ranai, Bunguran I.)
ssp. tambelanomemnon Hachitani, 1987 (Type locality: Tambelan Is.)
ssp. memnon Linnaeus, 1758 (Type locality: Asia [= Java])
ssp. lowii Druce, 1873 (Type locality: Borneo [loc. err.])
(confirmed ssp. of Papilio memnon Linnaeus, 1758)
ssp. eos Hachitani, 1991 (Type locality: Kangean Id.) [elevation of Infrasubspecific name]
ssp. perlucidus Fruhstorfer, 1903 (Type locality: Sapit, Lombok)
ssp. clathratus Rothschild, 1896 (Type locality: Sambawa)
ssp. kalaomemnon Hachitani, 1987 (Type locality: Kalao Island, Indonesia)
ssp. merapu Doherty, 1891 (Type locality: Koloki, Pada Dalung, Sumba)
ssp. subclathratus Fruhstorfer, 1903 (Type locality: Flores)
ssp. extremus Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980 (Type locality: Alor)
nephelus group
Papilio castor Westwood, 1842
ssp. mahadeva Moore, [1879] (Type locality: Moolai to Moolat, Upper Tenasserim)
(confirmed ssp. of Papilio castor Westwood, 1842)
Papilio chaon Westwood, 1844
(separate species to Papilio nephelus Boisduval, 1836)
ssp. chaon Westwood, 1844 (Type locality: Assam)
ssp. rileyi Fruhstorfer, 1913 (Type locality: Chungking, Szetchuan, Westchina)
ssp. chaonulus Fruhstorfer, 1902 (Type locality: Hainan, Five Finger Mts.)
ssp. annulus Pendlebury, 1936 (Type locality: Peninsula Siam: Nakon Sri Tamarat. Khao Ram, Khao Luang; Trang. Ban Chong)
Papilio nephelus Boisduval, 1836
(restricted to Malay Peninsula and Sundaic islands)
ssp. sunatus Corbet, 1940 (Type locality: Côte Malaye) [Replacement Name for saturnus Guérin-Méneville, 1840]
ssp. albolineatus Forbes, 1885 (Type locality: Borneo)
ssp. uranus Weymer, 1885 (Type locality: Nias)
ssp. tellonus Fruhstorfer, 1906 (Type locality: Hafenort Poeloe-Tello, Batu-Inseln)
ssp. siporanus Hagen, 1898 (Type locality: nördlichen Mentawej-Insel Pora oder Si-Pora)
ssp. nephelus Boisduval, 1836 (Type locality: Célèbes [loc. err. = Java])
aegeus group
(species group contents changed)
Papilio amynthor Boisduval, 1859
Papilio schmeltzi Herrich-Schäffer, 1869
Papilio tydeus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860
Papilio godeffroyi Semper, 1866
Papilio oritas Godman & Salvin, 1879
(separate species to Papilio aegeus Donovan, 1805)
ssp. websteri Grose-Smith, 1894 (Type locality: New Britain)
ssp. oritas Godman & Salvin, 1879 (Type locality: New Ireland)
ssp. byronensis Talbot, 1932 (Type locality: New Hannover)
Papilio bridgei Mathew, 1886
Papilio erskinei Mathew, 1886
Papilio weymeri Niepelt, 1914
Papilio gambrisius Cramer, 1777
Papilio aegeus Donovan, 1805
ssp. komos Fruhstorfer, 1904 (Type locality: Dammer)
(ssp. of Papilio aegeus Donovan, 1805)
ssp. inopinatus Butler, 1883 (Type locality: Maroe Island, Timor Laut)
(ssp. of Papilio aegeus Donovan, 1805, not a separate species)
canopus group
(separate to fuscus group)
Papilio canopus Westwood, 1842
(separate species to Papilio fuscus Goeze, 1779)
ssp. buisi Kalis, 1941 (Type locality: Tjandikoesoema, Bali)
ssp. umbrosus Rothschild, 1894 (Type locality: Sambawa)
ssp. sumbanus Rothschild, 1896 (Type locality: Patadala, Sumba)
ssp. modestia Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980 (Type locality: Reo N.W. Flores Is.)
ssp. alorensis Rothschild, 1894 (Type locality: Alor)
ssp. vollenhovii C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 (Type locality: Archipelagus Malayicus?)
ssp. hypsiclides Rothschild, 1894 (Type locality: Wetter I.)
ssp. kallon Fruhstorfer, 1904 (Type locality: Roma)
ssp. croton Fruhstorfer, 1904 (Type locality: Dammer Island)
ssp. canopinus Rothschild, 1895 (Type locality: Moa Island)
ssp. babberensis Fruhstorfer, 1903 (Type locality: Babber Island)
ssp. tenimberensis Rothschild, 1896 (Type locality: Timorlaut)
ssp. canopus Westwood, 1842 (Type locality: Melville Island)
Papilio hypsicles Hewitson, 1868
(separate species to Papilio fuscus Goeze, 1779)
ssp. nomus Gabriel, 1936 (Type locality: Loh Is., Torres Isl. N. of New Hebrides)
ssp. hypsicles Hewitson, 1868 (Type locality: New Hebrides)
ssp. burgessi Samson, 1982 (Type locality: Futuna, Vanuatu [New Hebrides])
Papilio cilix Godman & Salvin, 1879
(separate species to Papilio fuscus Goeze, 1779)
ssp. lamponius Fruhstorfer, 1904 (Type locality: New Pomerania)
ssp. cilix Godman & Salvin, 1879 (Type locality: New Ireland)
Papilio capaneus Westwood, 1843
(separate species to Papilio fuscus Goeze, 1779)
ssp. rotalita (Swinhoe, 1893) (Type locality: Ké Island [loc. err. = Aru])
ssp. beccarii Oberthür, 1880 (Type locality: Doreï)
ssp. indicatus Butler, 1876 (Type locality: Port Moresby, New Guinea)
ssp. capaneus Westwood, 1843 (Type locality: Australia)
ssp. hasterti Ribbe, 1907 (Type locality: Bougainville. Strandgegend bei Gieta)
ssp. relmae Tennent, 1999 (Type locality: road from Noro to Munda, New Georgia)
ssp. gyrei Tennent, 1999 (Type locality: north-east of Auki, Malaita)
ssp. xenophilus Mathew, 1886 (Type locality: Ugi, Solomon Islands)
fuscus group
Papilio prexaspes C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865
Papilio hipponous C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862
Papilio fuscus Goeze, 1779
(restricted to islands west of New Guinea)
ssp. motomurai Hanafusa, 1989 (Type locality: Kangean Is., Indonesia)
ssp. porrothenus Jordan, 1909 (Type locality: Kalao and Dyampea (= Djampea))
ssp. pertinax Wallace, 1865 (Type locality: Macassar)
ssp. lunifer Rothschild, 1894 (Type locality: Sangir Is. (Sangi, Sanghi, Sanghir))
ssp. talyabona Talbot, 1932 (Type locality: Sula Islands)
ssp. metagenes Fruhstorfer, 1904 (Type locality: Binongko, Kaledupa Dez.)
ssp. fuscus Goeze, 1779 (Type locality: not stated)
ssp. ombiranus Rothschild, 1898 (Type locality: Obi)
ssp. lapathus Fruhstorfer, 1904 (Type locality: Batjan)
ssp. offakus Fruhstorfer, 1904 (Type locality: Waigiu)
ssp. thomsonii Butler, 1884 (Type locality: Ké Dulan)
Papilio albinus Wallace, 1865
Papilio woodfordi Godman & Salvin, 1888
Papilio heringi Niepelt, 1924

Some interesting repeated speciation patterns were noted in Asian Papilio. Firstly, as in other genera, South Indian taxa are often separate species to those in the rest of mainland Asia. There is repeated speciation between mainland Asian taxa and Sundaic islands (Sumatra, Borneo, Java and other islands) in both subgenus Achillides (the paris group) and Menelaides (e.g. the helenus, polytes, nephelus and memnon groups). Notably, speciation also occurred in taxa from several species groups between New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain, New Ireland etc).